Different agro climatic zones of Jharkhand for JPSC
When a large geographical area is divided into several smaller areas based on soil type, crop yield, rainfall, temperature and water availability, then these small areas are called agricultural climate zones.
Jharkhand comes under the agro-climatic region VII of India which is known as the 'Eastern Plateau and Hill Region'. Jharkhand has three agro-climatic regions:-
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(1) Central and North Eastern Plateau Zone
Expansion -
Santhal Pargana (Sahibganj, Pakur, Godda, Dumka, Jamtara, Deoghar), North Chotanagpur (Hazaribagh, Bokaro, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Chatra, Ramgarh) and Ranchi District.
Features:-
(A) Mostly thick sandy soil is found in this area. Apart from this, black soil, abrasive soil and some alluvial soil are also found.
(B) Here comes late monsoon and goes earlier.
(C) Most of the ponds in this region dry up in the months of February-March.
(D) The main crops of this region are paddy, wheat, maize, millet and millet.
(4) In this area, irrigation is also done by river.
Rainfall pattern
The distribution of rainfall in this region is uneven. Most of the rainfall here comes from the Bay of Bengal branch(about 80%). This region is more dependent on monsoon rain. In the north-eastern part of this region, there is thunderstorm rain in the months of May which is beneficial for mango plants, hence it is also called mango rain. The average rainfall here is 140 to 152 cm.
Abiotic stresses
(A) The soil has low water holding capacity which increases the problem of water for agriculture.
(B) Due to uncertainty of rainfall and uneven distribution, irrigation of crops is not done properly. This is the biggest problem of this region.
(C) In this region, frost falling on cool days is harmful for the Rabi crop.
(D) The fertile power of soil of this region is low but the productivity of soil of the region is higher than other agro-climatic regions of Jharkhand.
(2) Western plateau
Expansion -
Palamu, Garhwa, Latehar, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega and Khunti.
Features :-
(A) This region is the highest altitude agro-climatic region in entire Jharkhand.
(B) Laterite soil and red soil are found more in this area.
(C) The water holding capacity of the soil of this region is low.
(D) The fertile power of soil of this region is low.
(8) Major crops of this region are paddy, maize, wheat, pulses, oilseeds etc.
Rainfall pattern
The distribution of rainfall in this region is uneven. There is uncertainty of rainfall here. Some parts of it remain drought prone, but rain is normal in other parts. 'The Pat region' of this region receives more rainfall than other parts. It usually receives rainfall due to the southwest monsoon.
Abiotic stresses
(A) The biggest problem of this region is the acidic soil and the very low fertile strength. Due to this, this area is backward in terms of agriculture.
(B) The soil has a low water holding capacity.
(C) Uneven distribution of rainfall is also a major problem in this region.
(D) The temperature in this region is also high. But it is important to note that 'Netarhat' located in this region is the coldest area in the state.
(3) South Eastern Plateau
Expansion - Kolhan Commissionery.
Features :-
(A) The soil of this region is rich in metal.
(B) The water holding capacity of the soil of this region is also low.
(C) There is abundance of forests in this region.
(D) Major crops of this region are paddy, jowar-millet, wheat, maize etc.
(4) In this area, irrigation is also done by river.
(F) This area comes under the ocean affected climate due to which the humidity remains here.
Rainfall pattern
Uneven distribution of rainfall is found in this region. The eastern part of this region receives more rainfall. It also rains in the summer season. The average annual rainfall of the region is 142 cm to 155 cm.
Abiotic stresses
(A) The biggest problem of this region is the low fertility of the soil due to the presence of metals in the soil.
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